The internal combustion engine is a heat engine widely used in machines and vehicles, including cars. This type of engine operates in 4 cycles of intake - compression - explosion - exhaust, converting heat energy into work power. Based on the characteristic signs of the engine such as: fuel, capacity, application..., car manufacturers can classify appropriate internal combustion engines to equip each vehicle model.
What is an internal combustion engine?
An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a type of heat engine that burns and converts inside the combustion chamber of a machine or vehicle. nuoc lam mat o to mau hong This operating process helps burn fuel, convert heat energy into work energy and affects some engine components such as fan blades, pistons, turbine blades... That impact force helps machines or vehicles operate. move over a certain distance.
Engines often operate with fuels such as gasoline and diesel and are widely used in many types of machinery and equipment and are an important source of power for vehicles such as cars, ships, aircraft... This is also the reason these types of vehicles are often called "internal combustion engine vehicles".
Internal combustion engines are commonly used in cars. Heat engines are commonly used in cars
Structure of internal combustion engine
Although there are many types of heat engines, their basic structure includes 2 structures and 4 systems.
Connecting rod crankshaft mechanism
This is an important part that has the function of receiving energy generated from fuel combustion. This part includes components with the following structure and functions:
Cylinder: This component is placed in the engine body, combined with the cylinder head and piston top to create the combustion chamber in the internal combustion engine.
Piston: Has a short cylindrical shape, located inside the cylinder, composed of a top, body and piston pin. nuoc rua kinh o to The piston combines with the cylinder to create the combustion chamber in the engine. At the same time, this part also moves forward in the cylinder, receiving the power created from the fuel combustion process, transmitted through the connecting rod and piston pin to the crankshaft.
Connecting rod (also known as connecting rod): Is the part that connects the piston and crankshaft. The task of the connecting rod is to transmit impact force and convert the reciprocating motion of the piston into circular motion of the crankshaft.
Crankshaft: The crankshaft has the function of converting the piston's reciprocating motion into rotational motion.
Connecting rod crankshaft structure of internal combustion engine Connecting rod crankshaft structure (Source: collected)
Gas distribution structure
This part has the main function of opening/closing the intake/exhaust system, thereby helping the engine actively intake or exhaust gas from the cylinder to the outside.
Lubrication systems
The lubrication system is responsible for transporting and helping lubricating oil to be evenly applied to the internal parts of the engine. This process helps reduce surface friction, ensuring more stable and durable engine operation.
System starts
The system helps the engine start, starting a new working process. When the system operates, the crankshaft will rotate to help the engine start automatically.
Gas and fuel supply system
This system includes components such as: injectors and electronically controlled carburetor or carburetor, filter mechanisms and other details. nuoc lam mat dong co Before each operating cycle, this part will be responsible for mixing clean air with fuel in a suitable ratio and spraying them inside the combustion chamber.
Cooling system
An internal combustion engine is a heat engine, so it often generates a lot of heat. The cooling system will ensure stable temperatures for parts and details, helping the engine operate more efficiently and more durable.
Operating principle of internal combustion engine
Heat engines generally operate according to a 4-stroke process: intake - compression - explosion - exhaust.
Particularly for cars, there are two types of engines: four-stroke and two-stroke. The operating principle of each engine is as follows:
Four-stroke engine
Intake period: In this working period, the intake valve will be opened and the exhaust valve will be closed. The moving piston helps feed the air and fuel mixture into the cylinder. This charging process begins when the piston is at top dead center and ends when the piston is at bottom dead center.
Compression cycle: In this cycle, both intake and exhaust valves are closed, the piston compresses the air and fuel mixture in the cylinder. At the end of the compression stroke, when the piston moves to top dead center, the above mixture will be ignited by the ignition (for gasoline engines) and will self-ignite (for diesel engines).
Explosion cycle (also known as combustion and work cycle): In this working cycle, the intake and exhaust valves remain closed. nuoc giai nhiet Temperature and pressure increase due to the combustion of the fuel and gas mixture, causing the piston to move from top dead center to bottom dead center. This process creates rotation of the crankshaft. At the end of the explosion cycle (piston at bottom dead center), the exhaust valve begins to open to prepare for the next cycle.